June 2017 – Extension Master Gardener Volunteers of Durham County

A couple of weeks ago I sat and admired my beautiful dwarf Japanese maple. The burgundy leaves had filled in and it looked so nice in the container next to the deck. It was a pat yourself on the back moment! Then the next day when I went over to gloat again I noticed the leaves were covered with brown spots. Ok, it wasn’t exactly the next day and the brown areas aren’t exactly spots either but still it was one sad looking plant.

What I discovered is a non infectious condition called leaf scorch. It is often mistaken for for a disease but it isn’t caused by the usual suspects – fungus, bacteria or virus. Leaf scorch is a warning sign that something is negatively impacting the plant. Water is being lost from the leaves quicker than the veins can transport it. This is most often caused by an unfavorable environment, and the symptoms are typically light brown to tan areas found between leaf veins or the leaf margins. The color can also be yellow or chlorotic. Even though it sounds simply like type of “sunburn”, leaf scorch can be a little more complicated especially in the Piedmont.

There are many conditions that can lead to leaf scorch including dry hot winds, temperatures at/above 90 degrees, drought conditions and low humidity or even drying winds when the ground is frozen. There are some less obvious conditions that may impact Japanese Maples that should be investigated if you are unable to pinpoint the cause at this point. One of these is soil condition such as poor heavy soils – which is so common in the south. If you are planting the tree in the ground, please get your soil tested!

A small specimen grown in a pot will primarily be impacted by weather conditions. So far spring in the Durham area has been wild. Days of cool and rainy weather followed by wind and 90 degrees temps are perfect conditions for leaf scorch. Trees in very sunny and windy locations are even more susceptible.

So what to do…to begin with make sure you have chosen not only the right Japanese Maple but also the correct container to grow it in. Try keep the tree shaded from afternoon sun and protected from the wind. Test your potting soil for mineral imbalance and check for insects. Neither of these are the cause of leaf scorch but healthy plants are warriors! Then make sure you water thoroughly each time versus a little now and then. Make sure to cover the soil with a fine mulch. The reality is the damaged leaves will not get better and there will probably be more of them but if you take precautions this isn’t a death sentence for Japanese maples. Don’t let visitors get too close and no one will notice. Well, except maybe me but I won’t say anything!

http://extension.missouri.edu/p/G6881

https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/430/430-023/430-023_pdf.pdf

by Ann Barnes, EMGV

If Master Gardeners had a mantra, it might be “Right plant, right place”. Following this rule helps plants to thrive, can decrease diseases and pests, and may cut down on the time you spend in watering, pruning, and doing other kinds of yard maintenance.

Before you can choose the right plant, we need to take a good look at the “place”. Yes, gardeners need to do a little homework. Look at the area you wish to plant. How much sun does the area get per day? Is the soil rich in organic material, or high in clay or rocks? (Remember, you can add organic material less desirable soil to improve it.) After a rain, does the area drain well or stay moist for a long time? Will plants have a wind break from a house, fence, or hedge? Are there tree roots that will compete with your new plants for water or moisture? Do you have deer, rabbits, or other animals that may forage in your yard? Don’t forget to take measurements of your space and do a soil test!

Next, think about what the function of your landscape will be. Do you want everything to be “easy care”, or do you enjoy spending time tending your plants? Are children and pets going to be playing in the space? Will the new plants need to hide an unattractive view, provide shade, or create privacy? Do you want colorful blooms or soothing shades of green?

Once you’ve answered these questions, you can begin searching for the “right plant(s)”. Although it is tempting to go to the garden center and buy all the plants that catch your eye, look for plants that fit your place. Most plants will have a tag showing the Latin name, common name, mature height and width, light requirements, and other growing conditions. If tags are missing, ask a friendly nursery employee or search the internet for more information.

When you find plants that you like, look at the mature height and width of each kind. When you plant, space everything far enough apart to accommodate mature sizes of your plants. One common landscaping mistake is planting a cute little shrub in front of your home without taking its full size into account. In ten years, you may find that the shrub is extending over your front steps, blocking your windows, and crowding everything in its path. If you have to prune multiple times per year just so you can get to the door, you do not have the right plant in the right place. Some small perennials may spread quickly or reseed prolifically, and those will also need to be tended frequently if not given enough space. The right plant for each place will need room to grow.

Next, look at light, water, and soil requirements. If you have shade, choose plants that grow best in shade, and if you have sun, pick sun loving plants. Drought tolerant plants are well suited for dry areas but may not grow well in a wet spot. Group plants together by their growing needs – put plants that need more moisture near one another so you can water more efficiently, for example, and keep the “heavy feeders” together so that you can fertilize only the plants that need it.

Finally, think about how the plants you choose will look when planted near each other. Make sure contrast between leaf shapes, sizes, colors, and flowers are pleasing to you. Some gardeners prefer to stick to a color scheme and to repeat plants throughout a landscape, while others crave variety. Choose plants that you like, since you will be seeing them each day.

Many readers of this blog already have an established landscape. It is still worthwhile to observe your property to answer the above questions. If a plant in your yard is not thriving or is a maintenance problem, you may discover that it is not in the right place. If that is the case, simply moving the plant could be the solution. If transplanting isn’t feasible, you will need to decide if it is possible to compensate for the problem – by watering more or less, amending the soil, pruning, or otherwise altering your “place” to suit your plant. However, this won’t always be possible, and it is OK to remove a plant if it isn’t working in your landscape. Don’t be afraid to change your landscape as your plants grow or your tastes change.