Tag: caterpillars

Tomato Troubles – Fruitworms

On By durhammastergardenersIn Gardening information

Nothing beats a fresh tomato straight from the garden. Maybe that’s why it is so disappointing when you are ready to harvest a few, only to find some critters have beat you to the prize. The tomato fruitworm, shown below, is one pest that you may be seeing in your garden now.

photo

Photo: Leanna Murphy Dono

Also known as the corn earworm or cotton bollworm, these larvae of the Helicoverpa zea moth enter tomato fruits near the stem end, feeding on the fruit and providing an entry point for decay-causing microorganisms. This pest can also damage leaves and stems of tomato plants, as well as peppers, beans, corn, broccoli, cabbage, okra, soybeans, and tobacco.

The H. zea moth is “usually light yellowish-olive with a single dark spot near the center of each forewing. It lays eggs singly, usually on the lower sides of leaflets close to the flower or fruits. The eggs are creamy white when laid but develop a reddish-brown band just prior to hatching. Larvae (caterpillars) hatch from the eggs. The larvae are yellowish-white with a brown head. The color of older larvae varies from greenish-yellow to brown or even black with paler stripes running lengthwise on the body. Larvae grow to a size of about 1½ inches in length”. (per Clemson University HGIC 2218) Fruitworms overwinter in soil and emerge in May – June. Moths are commonly seen at night during summer and early fall.

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Life Cycle Photo: pubs.ext.vt.edu

Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) products are the recommended control for fruitworms in the home garden.

Creepy Crawly Creatures

On By durhammastergardenersIn Gardening information

I’ve seen a lot of creepy crawly caterpillar-like creatures this week. Here are two you may have noticed.

Hornworms If you grow tomatoes, you have probably dealt with hornworms. These large, lime green larvae can do some serious damage to tomato plants and fruits. They also feed on tobacco, potato, eggplant, and pepper plants.

TomHornwormBW-300x252

Since hornworms are large, it is easy (but perhaps time consuming) to check your tomato plants daily and remove the hornworms by hand. If you would prefer to use an insecticide, organic and synthetic formulations are available. For examples of these, please see http://pender.ces.ncsu.edu/2013/06/what-is-eating-my-tomato-plant/

If you find a hornworm that looks like this one,hornworm

Good News – for you, not the hornworm. This hornworm has been attacked by parasitic wasps. The young feed on the hornworm and will eventually hatch and search for more hornworms on which to lay their eggs. Leave parasitized hornworms on your plants for natural pest control.

The adult is known as a sphinx moth, which looks like this

sphinx moth

For more information on hornworms, see http://ipm.ncsu.edu/AG295/html/hornworms.htm. This link has more fantastic photos: http://growingsmallfarms.ces.ncsu.edu/growingsmallfarms-hornworm/ Photos from ces.ncsu.edu except adult sphinx moth, from ext.colostate.edu

Orangestriped Oakworm

In August and September, you may notice these caterpillars on the ground.

oakworm

If you have an oak tree, particularly a willow oak or pin oak, you may also notice damage like this. Leaves of this oak have been stripped except for their midribs.

oakworm damage

The oakworm moth (seen here) lays eggs on the undersides of leaves in June and July. Young caterpillars are green in color, but change to black with orange stripes as they grow. Once they are mature, they drop to the ground to find an underground spot to pupate. In late August/early September, they can be a common sight on sidewalks and streets.

Since damage occurs late in the season, control is usually not necessary. Trees can generally recover from damage when it happens in late summer or early fall. If you wish to use a chemical control, options can be found here: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/notes/O&T/trees/note139/note139.html. Please note that it is probably too late to control this year’s population and that spraying large trees can be difficult and costly.

-Ann Barnes