2025 Tomato Project: A Focus on Flavor

By Eric Wiebe with Kathryn Hamilton, NC State Extension Master GardenerSM volunteers of Durham County

All images credited to Lalitree Darnielle unless otherwise indicated

A table with 6 different plates, each with a different variety of sliced tomato. Two white plates and an instruction sheet are on the table.

The taste-testing table ready with six varieties of tomatoes grown for the trials. Which one will reign supreme? (Image credit: Jenn Van Brunt)

Thinking about what tomato seeds to order this year? For starters, you should read the plant growth and fruit production results of our Briggs Ave Community Garden tomato trial. Probably just as important for your seed purchase decisions is how did those tomatoes taste? The tomatoes included in the trials were:

  • Lemon Boy Plus
  • Mountain Defender
  • Better Boy Plus
  • Mountain Flush
  • Celebrity Plus
  • Mountain Regina
  • Carbon

The “Mountain” tomato varieties were donated by Dr. Dilip Panthee, head of NC State’s Fresh Market Breeding program and shared similar disease resistance characteristics to the “Plus” tomatoes. Carbon, consistently rated one of the best-tasting heirloom tomatoes, had none of these resistance characteristics, and was our “control” for taste.

While all of the varieties can be considered “slicers,” there were clear differences in overall size. Lemon Boy Plus, with an average fruit size of 3.9 oz compared to 8.6 oz for Carbon and 7.8 oz for Mountain Defender, were half the size of many of the red slicers. True to its name, Lemon Boy Plus was a distinct yellow while the remaining tomatoes ranged from bright red (Mountain Flush) to almost dusky red-purple (Carbon).

Our taste tests indicated that most of the varieties attempted to provide the best of both worlds, balancing both sweet and acid notes. Interestingly, people didn’t always agree on the finer points of their flavor with regard to what was sweet or acidic. One thing that everyone seemed to want was deep, often earthy flavor. They also preferred a meaty to a thin or mealy texture.

Unfortunately, Celebrity Plus was a taste-test no-show. Mid-summer production slowed to the point where we did not have enough tomatoes to taste. But production did pick up, and in the end, Celebrity Plus was one of the last plants standing.

Tomato Taste Test Results

A tomato cut in half placed in the center of a plate with slices of red tomato ringing it all around in the shape of the sun.
Mountain Defender: Balanced

Mountain Defender did not have many supporters, only getting two first place votes. Many tasters didn’t find it any better than a supermarket tomato–bland and not very interesting. While the flavor was balanced, it had neither sweet nor acid notes that interested tasters. While the appearance was a nice pink-to light red, it was not particularly distinctive. Tasters also didn’t have many good things to say about texture. Overall it was found to be serviceable but not particularly interesting.

A tomato cut in half placed in the center of a plate with slices of red tomato ringing it all around in the shape of the sun.
Mountain Flush: Juicy Tending Toward Sweet

Mountain Flush didn’t fare much better than Mountain Defender in the ratings. With only three first place votes, it finished with Mountain Defender at the bottom of the rankings. While a number of raters noted its looks, the texture and flavor didn’t match up. A few liked its juicy qualities, but most found it too watery. Similarly, the flavor was too mild for most, tending towards sweet.

A tomato cut in half placed in the center of a plate with slices of red tomato ringing it all around in the shape of the sun.
Better Boy Plus: A Hint of Classic Taste

Better Boy Plus was a tomato that didn’t quite live up to its looks. Often described by raters as a ‘beautiful’ or ‘perfect’ tomato, with a strong red color with a few orange spots. However, while many raters tasted a hint of classic tomato flavor, it was too weak. As with many of the tomatoes, raters were mixed as to how good the sweet/acid balance was, with raters falling all along the scale. Similarly, the texture responses ranged from meaty to mushy. Many noted it had the perfect characteristics for a sandwich slicer. It ended up scoring in the middle of the pack with nine first place votes, and the same number of second place votes.

A tomato cut in half placed in the center of a plate with slices of yellow tomato ringing it all around in the shape of the sun.
Lemon Boy Plus: Strong Third Place

Tasters found Lemon Boy Plus to be firm but at times tough-skinned. There were mixed results with regards to flavor. While some found it bright, others found it boring. Similarly, while some liked its acid bite, others found it too sweet. Nonetheless, Lemon Boy Plus had supporters in the final rankings, getting nine first place votes and 20 second place votes–more second place votes than any other tomato. While a number of tasters commented on the distinct yellow color, it’s hard to know how much this influenced final rankings.

A tomato cut in half placed in the center of a plate with slices of dark red tomato ringing it all around in the shape of the sun.
Carbon: Vaunted Heirloom Comes in Second

Our heirloom control, Carbon, ended up second in the rankings. It received 10 first and 14 second-place votes. For many, it was good but not the best. Its looks had a lot going for it, with raters loving the deep red, purple, and green variegation. The acid/sweet balance was good, described by many as slightly acidic. However, on flavor it fell short for a number of people. A number of raters found it too mild, specifically noting that it was not as rich as Mountain Regina. While it had some nice earthy notes, they were not strong enough.

A tomato cut in half placed in the center of a plate with slices of red tomato ringing it all around in the shape of the sun.
Mountain Regina: “The Perfect Summer Tomato”

Mountain Regina ended up at the top of our rankings, scoring an average of 4.07 on a scale of 1 to 5, the highest average score of the taste test. In addition, 29 of the 61 tasters ranked Mountain Regina as their favorite tomato in the trial. Twenty-one other tasters ranked it as either their second or third favorite. Raters described it as an heirloom tomato in appearance–a beautiful deep red with almost a hint of purple; smooth and meaty flesh and not too many seeds. The “classic, old-fashioned” flavor won many raters over with its deep, rich umami-like notes. Many considered it having a perfect acid/sweet balance with just the right hint of sweetness and not too much acidity. A number of raters said it was the perfect summer tomato–a 10 out of 10. These comments on flavor and appearance for Mountain Regina mirrored Carbon, our one heirloom variety.

The results of this year’s tasting trials had only one definitive outcome: people don’t always agree on what they like in a tomato. Even the lowest ranked tomatoes received some first place votes. Raters also didn’t necessarily agree on texture or degree of sweetness or acidity in varieties. While some of these differences may have been from variations between samples, it also is a reminder that people’s taste buds respond differently, and people want different flavors out of a tomato. Hopefully, the results of this taste test will help you find a tomato variety (or two) for your summer planting that matches your preferences.

Stay tuned for the 2026 tomato trial where we will test different root treatments to see if they make a difference in production.

Special thanks to Dr. Panthee who donated the tomato seeds, project leader Dr. Ashley Troth, and “Tomato Team” members: Caryl Cid; Carol Feldman, Kathryn Hamilton, Vicki Houck, Jeff Kanters, Debe Parks, and Eric Wiebe.

Resources and Additional Information:

Learn more about our participation in tomato trials on our blog: https://durhammastergardeners.com/tomatoes-on-trial-the-2024-tomato-project/

Get deeper into tomato science and growing by discovering the how-tos of tomato grafting: https://durhammastergardeners.com/tomato-grafting-project/

Links on growing tomatoes from NC State Cooperative Extension: https://extensiongardener.ces.ncsu.edu/2021/04/growing-tomatoes-at-home/

Edited by Melinda Heigel, NC State Extension Master GardenerSM volunteer of Durham County

Article Short Link: https://wp.me/p2nIr1-72J

Identifying and Controlling Leaf-footed Bugs in Your Garden

By Michelle Wallace, former Durham County NC Cooperative Extension Horticulture Agent


(Left to right) Detail of leaf-footed bug eggs on the underside of a tomato plant. They are cylindrical, laid in a single row, and typically hatch in 5-7 days. Leaf-footed bug nymphs often cluster together. (Image credit: Debbie Roos, NC Cooperative Extension, Chatham County Center; Texas Master Gardeners, Galveston County)

I work in a garden with a group of volunteers. The other day, a sharp-eyed person pointed out some bright orange-red bugs like these on the leaves of one of our potato plants.

Identifying Leaf-footed Bugs

These are the nymphs of the leaf-footed bug, a relative of stink bugs. Adult leaf-footed bugs are brown, with a flattened, leaf-shaped area on their hind legs. Both the nymphs and adults are pests that damage buds, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Leaf-footed bugs feed on many plants, including tomatoes, peaches, blueberries, beans, okra, and pecans. When these bugs feed on tomato fruit, they cause yellow, hardened spots to develop. Feeding on other fruits can cause brown spots to shriveled, misshapen fruits, depending on the number of bugs and the time the fruits are damaged.

Stippling and yellow spots on the tomato caused by piercing and sucking mouthparts of both stinkbugs and leaf-footed bugs. The crack in the tomato is most likely due to inconsistent moisture, not insect damage. (Image credit: University of Georgia Cooperative Extension)

Adult leaf-footed bugs overwinter in weedy areas or under mulch and debris. They lay eggs in a row on the undersides of leaves or on stems. Eggs hatch in 5-7 days, and nymphs mature in 25-30 days.

Leaf footed bug adult Photo: Debbie Roos, NC Cooperative Extension


Adult leaf-footed bug.
There are 7 known species of leaf-footed bugs in the southeastern US. Identification tip: One species common in our region, the eastern leaf-footed bug (Leptoglossus phyllopus), is chestnut brown in color and has a distinctive horizontal white stripe on its back. (Image credit: Debbie Roos, NC Cooperative Extension, Chatham County Center)

Controlling Leaf-footed Bugs

Leaf-footed bugs and their stinkbug relatives are difficult to control, but scouting for these pests now will help keep populations from building up throughout the season. Removing the nymphs and adults by hand and dropping them into a container of soapy water is an effective means of control when populations are small. You may want to wear gloves when picking leaf-footed bugs from your plants – they do have an unpleasant smell. There are few organic pesticides that are effective on these bugs, but hand picking now and reducing places where the adults can overwinter will help keep next year’s population in check. If you choose to use an insecticide to control a large population of leaf-footed bugs, pyrethroids can be used carefully and as directed.1

Just a quick word of caution, though – some assassin bugs (they are beneficial insects) are also orange and can look similar to the leaf-footed bug nymphs shown above. For photos of assassin bugs, see the University of Kentucky Entomology website.2

Notes

1–Leaf-footed bugs are also susceptible to insecticidal soaps. According to NC State’s Plant Disease and Insect Clinic, pyrethroid pesticides labeled for use by homeowners are also toxic to fish, so avoid using around pools, ponds, and streams. Pyrethroids are also toxic to beneficial insects like bees.

2–Consider a biological control method. Beneficial insects that are natural predators of leaf-footed bugs include look-alike assassin bugs, tachinid flies, native parasitic wasps, and spiders. Birds also prey on leaf-footed bugs. Making your garden attractive to beneficials may help curb unwanted pest populations.

Resources and Additional Information

NC Plant Disease and Insect Clinic Factsheet on the eastern leaf-footed bug

https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/eastern-leaf-footed-bug

Clemson Cooperative Extension’s Factsheet on attracting beneficial insects to your landscape

https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/incorporating-beneficials-into-the-gardeners-toolkit/

Article Short Link: https://wp.me/p2nIr1-4KP